Uburyo bwo gusudira ibyuma byubaka ibyuma byubaka inganda - Ibisobanuro bya tekiniki kubushyuhe buke bwo guta ibyuma

Uburyo bwo gusudira bwibyuma byubatswe byubaka inganda za valve - Ibisobanuro bya tekiniki yubushyuhe buke bwo guta ibyuma bya valves Imbaraga zicyuma, zizwi kandi nkicyuma gikomeye, zifite umusaruro utari munsi ya 1290MPa nimbaraga zingana na munsi ya 440MPa. Ukurikije aho umusaruro utangiriye hamwe nuburyo bwo gutunganya ubushyuhe, ibyuma byingufu birashobora kugabanywamo ibice bishyushye bisanzwe bisanzwe, ibyuma bya karubone nkeya hamwe nicyuma giciriritse giciriritse. Icyuma gishyushye gisanzwe gisanzwe ni ubwoko bwokudashyushya ibyuma bikomeza ibyuma, mubisanzwe bitangwa muburyo bushyushye cyangwa busanzwe. Bishingiye cyane cyane ku gusesa imbaraga, kongera umubare ugereranije wa pearlite, gutunganya ingano n’imvura ikomeza kugira ngo imbaraga. Icyuma gike cya karubone gishingiye ku kuzimya, ubushyuhe bwo hejuru ubushyuhe bwo gutunganya ubushyuhe (kuvura ubushyuhe) kugirango bishimangire ibyuma byubatswe byubatswe ... Uburyo bwo gusudira ibyuma byubaka ibyuma (1) Gutondekanya ibyuma byubaka ibyuma byubaka Amashanyarazi ni ubwoko bwubwoko ibyuma hamwe nibintu bimwe bivangavanze byongeweho hashingiwe ku byuma bisanzwe bya karubone kugirango byuzuze ibisabwa byimirimo itandukanye. Amashanyarazi yubatswe yo gusudira muri rusange agabanijwemo ibyiciro bibiri bikurikira. 1 Icyuma cyimbaraga Imbaraga zicyuma, zizwi kandi nkicyuma gikomeye, gifite imbaraga zitanga umusaruro uri munsi ya 1290MPa nimbaraga zingana na munsi ya 440MPa. Ukurikije aho umusaruro utangiriye no gutunganya ubushyuhe, ibyuma byingufu birashobora kugabanywamo ibice bishyushye bisanzwe bisanzwe, ibyuma bya karuboni nkeya hamwe nicyuma giciriritse giciriritse. Icyuma gishyushye gisanzwe gisanzwe ni ubwoko bwokudashyushya ibyuma bikomeza ibyuma, mubisanzwe bitangwa muburyo bushyushye cyangwa busanzwe. Bishingiye cyane cyane kumashanyarazi ashimangira, kongera umubare ugereranije wa pearlite, gutunganya ingano n’imvura ikomeza kugirango imbaraga zibe. Icyuma gike cya karubone nicyuma kinini cyubatswe nicyuma gikomezwa no kuzimya hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru ubushyuhe bwo gutunganya ubushyuhe (kuvura ubushyuhe). Ibirimo karubone muri rusange ni wc0,25%, kandi ifite ibiranga imbaraga nyinshi, ubukana bwa plastike nziza, kandi irashobora gusudira muburyo butuje. Ibirimo bya karubone byicyuma giciriritse giciriritse ni 0.3% hejuru ya wc, kandi imbaraga zumusaruro zishobora kugera kuri 880MPa. Nyuma yo kuzimya no kuvura imiti, ifite imbaraga nyinshi nubukomere, ariko gukomera guke, bityo gusudira ni bibi. 2. Icyuma kidasanzwe Ukurikije imikoreshereze y’ibidukikije cyangwa ibisabwa mu mikorere birashobora kugabanywamo ibyuma birwanya ubushyuhe bwa pearlite, ibyuma bito byangirika byangirika hamwe nicyuma gito. Pearlite ubushyuhe bwihanganira ibyuma wc≤5%, chromium na aluminium ishingiye kuri hypoeutectoid ibyuma. Ifite imbaraga nziza zumuriro no gutuza. Ingingo yihariye ni uko igifite imbaraga runaka no kurwanya okiside ku bushyuhe bwa 500 ~ 600 ℃. Ikoreshwa cyane mugukora ibikoresho byubushyuhe bwo hejuru mubikoresho byamashanyarazi nibikoresho bya peteroli. Ibyuma bito byangirika byangirika birimo ibyuma bya aluminiyumu byangiza ruswa bikoreshwa mubikoresho bya peteroli na fosifore hamwe na fosifore hamwe n’umuringa wangirika kwangirika bikoreshwa mumazi yinyanja cyangwa ibyuma birwanya ruswa. Usibye guhaza imiterere yubukanishi bwuzuye, ubu bwoko bwibyuma nabwo bufite imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa muburyo bukwiranye. Mubisanzwe bikoreshwa muburyo bushyushye cyangwa busanzwe, ni uburyo budashyushye bwo kuvura ibyuma bikomeye. Urupapuro rwo hasi rw'icyuma rugomba gukoreshwa muri -40 ~ 196 equipment ibikoresho by'ubushyuhe buke n'ibice byubatswe, icyifuzo nyamukuru cyo gukomera k'ubushyuhe buke, imbaraga ntabwo ziri hejuru. Ubusanzwe igabanyijemo ibyuma bitarimo nikel hamwe nicyuma kirimo nikel, mubisanzwe bikoreshwa muguhindura cyangwa guhuza umuriro wumuriro, ni muburyo bwo kudashyushya ibyuma bikomeye. 3. Isesengura ryo gusudira ryibyuma byimbaraga zikomeye Ibibazo nyamukuru byo gusudira kwicyuma gikomeye ni: kuvunika kristu, kuvunika amazi, gukonjesha, gukonjesha ubushyuhe hamwe nubushyuhe bwagize ingaruka kumikorere ya zone (1) Ikirahure cya kirisiti Ikirahure cya kirisiti muri weld cyakozwe muri igihe cyo gusudira cyatinze kubera ko eutectic ifite aho ishonga ikora firime isukuye kumupaka wingano kandi igacika kumupaka wingano bitewe nigikorwa cyo guhangayika. Umusaruro wacyo ujyanye nibirimo umwanda (nka sulfure, fosifore, karubone, nibindi) muri weld. Iyi myanda ni ibintu biteza imbere kristu kandi igomba kugenzurwa cyane. Manganese igira ingaruka ya desulphurisation, ishobora kunoza imishitsi ya weld. . 4 Igikorwa cyo gusudira cyuma gikomeye cyane Igikorwa cyo gusudira kirimo guhitamo uburyo bwo gusudira nibikoresho byo gusudira, kugena ibisobanuro byihariye byo gusudira, gushyiraho abakozi bashinzwe gutunganya ubushyuhe no gushyiraho inteko yo gusudira hamwe nuburyo bwo gusudira. Uburyo bwo gusudira bufite ishingiro bufite akamaro kanini kugirango harebwe ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa, kunoza imikorere no kugabanya ibiciro. . Ibyuma bishyushye kandi ibyuma bisanzwe birakwiriye muburyo butandukanye bwo gusudira, cyane cyane ukurikije ubunini bwibintu, imiterere yibicuruzwa, umwanya wo gusudira hamwe nuburyo bwihariye mubisabwa. Mubisanzwe, gusudira birashobora gukorwa no gusudira arc, gusudira arc, gaze ya gaze karuboni ikingira gusudira hamwe no gusudira electroslag. Kugirango wirinde kwinjizwa ahantu hashyushye, hagomba gutoranywa ubushyuhe buke. Ubushyuhe buke bwinjiza hamwe nubushuhe burashobora gukoreshwa mugucunga ubushyuhe bwimbere kugirango hirindwe gucika mugihe cyo gusudira ibyuma hamwe nubunini bunini hamwe nibyuma byibanze. Intego yo guhitamo ibikoresho byo gusudira ni bibiri: kimwe ni ukwirinda ubwoko bwose bw'inenge muri weld, ikindi ni uguhuza imiterere ya mashini yicyuma fatizo. Bitewe n'umwihariko wo gusudira gusudira, imiterere yimiti isanzwe itandukanye nicyuma fatizo. Iyo ukoresheje electrode arc gusudira, urashobora guhitamo electrode imbaraga zayo zihuye nicyuma fatizo, ni ukuvuga, ukurikije b yicyuma fatizo guhitamo. Icyuma gishyushye gifite imbaraga zo gusudira hamwe nubushake buke bwo guhitamo birashobora guhitamo calcium electrode ikora neza cyangwa imikorere ya hydrogène nkeya. Ku byuma bikomeye, hydrogène electrode nkeya igomba guhitamo. Ubushyuhe buke bw'ibyuma bikozwe kuri valve Iyi ngingo ngenderwaho irakoreshwa kuri valve, flanges hamwe nandi mashanyarazi munsi yumuvuduko ukoreshwa mubushyuhe buke kuva -254 ℃ kugeza -29 ℃. Amashanyarazi yose agomba gutunganywa hakurikijwe igishushanyo mbonera n’ibikoresho bigize imiti. Kugirango ukore urukuta runini rwujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa, mubisanzwe birasabwa kuzimya ibyuma byumubiri. Mbere yo gukora ibisanzwe cyangwa kuzimya, biremewe gukonjesha munsi yubushyuhe bwurwego rwinzibacyuho nyuma yo guterana no gukomera. Iyo uburyo bwa *** guta ubuso butanga ubushyuhe bwo hejuru, gutora bigomba gushyuha byibuze ubushyuhe buke bwerekanwe kumeza 4 mbere yo kubishyira mubikorwa. Ingano yiki gipimo cyerekana ibisabwa bya tekiniki, uburyo bwikizamini, amategeko yo kugenzura nibimenyetso byerekana ubushyuhe buke bwo guta ibyuma (aha bikitwa "casting"). Ibipimo ngenderwaho birakoreshwa kuri valve, flanges hamwe nizindi casting munsi yumuvuduko ukoreshwa mubushyuhe buke kuva -254 ℃ kugeza -29 ℃. Inyandiko isanzwe yamagambo Amagambo ari mu nyandiko akurikira ahinduka ingingo yiyi Standard ukoresheje iyi Standard. Kubisobanuro byatanzweho itariki, ubugororangingo bwose bwakurikiyeho (usibye errata) cyangwa ubugororangingo ntibukurikizwa kuriki gipimo, icyakora, impande zamasezerano ashingiye kuriyi ngingo ngenderwaho zirashishikarizwa gushakisha imikoreshereze yizo nyandiko. Kubisobanuro bitarondoreka, verisiyo zabo zirakoreshwa muriki gipimo. GB / T222-2006 ibyuma byo gusesengura imiti - Uburyo bwo gutoranya no gutandukanya byemewe ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga GB / T 223 (ibice byose) Uburyo bwo gusesengura imiti y’ibyuma, ibyuma na alloys GB / T 228-2002 Ibikoresho byuma - Tensile ikizamini ku bushyuhe bwicyumba (ISO 6892: 1998 (E), MOD) GB / T 229-1994 Metal Charpy notch ingaruka yuburyo bwikizamini (eqv TSG 148: 1983) Kwihanganirana gukabije hamwe namafaranga yo gukoresha imashini (eqv ISO 8062: 1994) GB / T 8 indangagaciro rusange - Ibisobanuro bya tekiniki Amahame rusange yo gusudira ubwishingizi bufite ireme (> GB / T 13927 Ikizamini rusange cyumuvuduko wa valve (GB / T 13927-- ​​1992.neq ISO 5208: 1382) GB / T15169-2003 Gusuzuma ubuhanga bwo gusudira ibyuma (ISO) . ibyuma byerekana ibyuma bisabwa ubuziranenge ASTM A3S1 / A3S1M Austenite na austenite kubice byingutu. Ibisobanuro bya ferritic (biphase) ibyuma ASTM A352 / A352M Ibisobanuro byerekana ibyuma bya ferritic na Martensitike kubice biri munsi yubushyuhe bwo hasi Ubushyuhe bwa tekiniki Ibisabwa Icyiciro cya tekinike hamwe nubushyuhe bwa serivisi Icyiciro cyibikoresho hamwe nubushyuhe bwa serivisi ya casting byerekanwe kumeza 1. Imbonerahamwe 1 Urwego rwibikoresho hamwe nubushyuhe bwa serivisi Ibigize imiti nubukanishi Imiterere yimiti ya casting igomba kuba ijyanye nibisabwa mu mbonerahamwe ya 2. Imbonerahamwe ya 2 Imiterere yimiti ya casting (igice kinini)