MassRobotics irekura isi yambere ifunguye isoko yigenga yimashini yimashini igendanwa
Amapompo yumuriro ningenzi kandi ntangarugero mubice byinshi bishingiye kuri sisitemu yo gukingira umuriro, nka spinkers, risers, amazi abira ifuro, amazi y’amazi hamwe n’igihu cy’amazi, kandi birakwiriye gukoreshwa mu bucuruzi n’inganda. Niba byemejwe ko ari ngombwa binyuze mu gusesengura hydraulic cyangwa izindi ntego, kwishyiriraho pompe yumuriro bitanga amazi n’umuvuduko ukenewe na sisitemu yo kurwanya umuriro. Hatabayeho pompe yumuriro yateguwe neza kandi yashyizweho, sisitemu yo gukingira umuriro ntishobora gutegurwa kugera kuntego zayo.
Iyi ngingo ivuga kuri zimwe mu mpinduka zingenzi zasohotse mu mwaka wa 2013 wa NFPA 20 ngenderwaho yo gushyiraho pompe zihagarara mu rwego rwo kurinda umuriro, wasohotse mu mpeshyi ya 2012. Ibisabwa byo gushyiramo pompe n’umuriro n’uruhare rwa NFPA mu gushyiraho ibi ibisabwa.
Muri rusange, NFPA 20 yakiriye ibyifuzo 264 byo kuvugurura, ibitekerezo 135 byakurikiranwe ku mugaragaro, n'ibikorwa 2 byatsindiye ku rubuga mu nama ya tekiniki ya NFPA 2012 Las Vegas.
Amapompo yumuriro, yaba pompe ya centrifugal cyangwa pompe yumuriro wimuka, yashyizwe kurutonde, kandi ibipimo byavuguruwe kugirango byumvikane neza ko pompe zumuriro zishobora gukoreshwa mukurwanya umuriro. Inyandiko yabanjirije iyari igamije “andi pompe”, imiterere yayo yo gushushanya yari itandukanye n’ibivugwa mu buryo busanzwe, kandi yemerera andi pompe gushyirwaho ahantu hashyizwe muri laboratoire. Nyamara, kubera ko pompe zose zamashanyarazi zishyirwa mubikoresho byamashanyarazi, abantu bamwe basobanura ko iyi ngingo yemerera pompe yamashanyarazi gukoreshwa nka pompe yumuriro. Ntabwo byari bigamije, kandi ururimi rwaravuguruwe kugirango rusobanure neza iyi ngingo.
Mu rwego rwo koroshya gusuzuma no kwemezwa n’ubuyobozi bubifitiye ububasha (AHJ) n’abandi bafatanyabikorwa bagize uruhare mu gushyiraho pompe y’umuriro, hiyongereyeho amabwiriza mashya ku bijyanye n’ibishushanyo mbonera. Ibisanzwe bizakenera gahunda zijyanye no gushushanya ku gipimo kimwe gishushanyije ukurikije igipimo cyagenwe. Byongeye kandi, gahunda ubu ikubiyemo amakuru arambuye yerekeye ibintu bitandukanye bigize igenamigambi rusange, nkibisobanuro birambuye bijyanye no gukora pompe, icyitegererezo nubunini, gutanga amazi, kuvoma amazi, gutwara pompe, kugenzura, hamwe na pompe zo gufata neza.
Niba ikizamini cy’amazi gikoreshwa kugirango hamenyekane niba amazi atangwa kuri pompe yumuriro ahagije, NFPA 20 ubu irasaba ko ikizamini cyarangira bitarenze amezi 12 mbere yuko gahunda yakazi itangwa, keretse iyo byemewe na AHJ. Abantu bamwe bahangayikishijwe nuko, hamwe na hamwe, amakuru yipimishije ashaje atagaragaza neza uko amazi atangwa muri iki gihe akoreshwa nkibishushanyo mbonera byo gutoranya pompe. Muri iki gihe, mugihe amazi yatanzwe ari munsi yumubare wagaragajwe namakuru yikizamini gishaje, ikizamini cyo kwemererwa gishobora kwerekana ko umuvuduko wo gusohora pompe uri munsi yagaciro kabaruwe kandi ntuhagije kugirango uhuze ibikenewe na sisitemu yose. . Isuzuma ry'amazi no gupima biragoye, bisaba gusobanukirwa imiterere n'imikorere ya sisitemu y'amazi, kandi birashobora kurangizwa nabakozi babishoboye.
Ibyumba bya pompe nibyumba bya pompe byigenga birimo ibikoresho bya pompe yumuriro bisaba uburinzi bwihariye, nkuko bigaragara muri NFPA 20 muburyo bwameza. Kimwe mubyanditswe mumeza bireba bivuga ibyumba bya pompe nibyumba bya pompe bitatewe amazi. Bamwe mubasomyi ba NFPA 20 basobanuye nabi umutwe, bivuze ko NFPA 20 yemerera gusiba imashini ahantu hatandukanye mumyubakire isaba cyangwa itekereza gukoresha sisitemu yo kumena. Hiyongereyeho imvugo yo kugisha inama kugirango isobanure neza ko intego ya "Undprinkled" yerekeza kumeza ari ukumenya ubwoko bwo gukingira umuriro wa pompe yumuriro mu nyubako idacometse-ni ukuvuga ko icyumba cya pompe kigomba gutandukanywa nizindi nyubako kandi inyubako ni yubatswe mumasaha 2, cyangwa icyumba cya pompe gikenera intera Inyubako ikorerwa nicyumba cya pompe ifite byibura metero 50 z'uburebure. Intego yiyi mitwe ntabwo ari ugutanga ikidasanzwe cyo gusiba imiti mu cyumba cya pompe yumuriro yinyubako yaminjagiye burundu.
NFPA 20 itanga uburinzi kubikoresho bya pompe yumuriro nabakeneye kubona ibikoresho bya pompe yumuriro mugihe habaye umuriro. Nubwo NFPA 20 isaba ishami ry’umuriro gutegura gahunda yo kugera mucyumba cya pompe yumuriro hakiri kare, ubu birasaba kandi aho icyumba cya pompe y’umuriro gitegurwa hakiri kare. Byongeye kandi, NFPA 20 isaba ko ibyumba bya pompe bidashobora kugerwaho biturutse hanze yinyubako bitanga inzira ifunze kuva kuntambwe zifunze cyangwa inzugi zisohoka hanze kugera mucyumba cya pompe. Verisiyo ibanza ya NFPA 20 yasabaga igice kugira igipimo cyo kurwanya umuriro byibuze amasaha 2.
Isubiramo rya 2013 risaba igice kugira igipimo kimwe cyo kurwanya umuriro nkicyumba cya pompe; ni ukuvuga, mu nyubako yaminjagiye yuzuye harimo icyumba cya pompe, igice gikenera gusa isaha 1 yo kurwanya umuriro. Urwego rwo kurwanya inkongi yumuriro rugana mucyumba cya pompe ntirugomba kurenga ibyangombwa byicyumba cya pompe yumuriro. Niba icyumba cya pompe yumuriro hamwe nibice byubatswe ahantu hatandukanye hateganijwe, inzira izahinduka igice cyicyumba cya pompe yumuriro, kandi igomba gukenera kugabana icyumba nurwego rumwe rwo guhangana n’umuriro nka pompe yumuriro. Nyamuneka menya ko andi magambo kuriyi ngingo akoreshwa ku nyubako ndende.
Kugirango ugabanye imivurungano kuri flake flange, NFPA 20 yerekana ingano yizina yumuyoboro wogusunika ukurikije ubushobozi bwa pompe yumuriro. Ingano yerekana imiyoboro ishingiye ku gipimo ntarengwa cya metero 15 ku isegonda kuri 150% yubushobozi bwa pompe. Abakoresha NFPA 20 bazabona ko iyi ngingo yakuwe mumubiri usanzwe kandi yongewe kumeza nkibisobanuro. Bamwe mubakoresha bisanzwe basobanura nabi aya makuru yihuta nkibintu byo kugenzura mugihe cyo gupima pompe. Ahubwo, intego yo gushyiramo aya makuru ni ugutanga ubumenyi bwibanze kubyerekeye inkomoko niterambere ryibipimo byateganijwe.
Keretse niba hari ibintu byujujwe, NFPA 20 isaba gahunda yo guswera kugirango harebwe niba nta gitutu kibi kiri kuri pompe ya pompe. Pompe yumuriro wa centrifugal ntabwo ikwiriye guterura cyangwa gukurura amazi yerekeza kumurongo wacyo. Ibisabwa ko umuvuduko wokunywa kuri flake flange utari munsi ya 0 psi ukurikizwa mubikorwa bigizwe nigice kimwe cya pompe hamwe nubushakashatsi bugizwe nibice byinshi bivoma umuriro bigenewe gukorera hamwe. Ivugurura ryiyi ngingo ryasobanuye neza ko kubishyiraho pompe nyinshi, gusa pompe zagenewe gukora icyarimwe zirasuzumwa mugihe cyo gusuzuma imiterere yumuvuduko ukabije. Bamwe mubakoresha NFPA 20 bumvise nabi iki gisabwa kandi barimo pompe zirenze urugero cyangwa izikora gusa iyo pompe nkuru ihagaritswe. Ntabwo aribyo bigamije ingingo.
Ibidasanzwe bihari kumuvuduko mwiza usabwa kuri suction flange byemerera -3 psi guswera. Ibi bidasanzwe bireba mugihe pompe yumuriro ikorera kuri 150% byamazi yagenwe mugihe avoma mububiko bwubutaka. Umugereka wumugereka kuriyi idasanzwe wasubiwemo kugirango ugere ku bwoko bwose bwa pompe yumuriro wa centrifugal, ntabwo ari pompe yumuriro utambitse gusa. Ibindi byahinduwe kumyandiko yumugereka byerekana ko mugihe cyo kurangiza amazi asabwa, niba uburebure bwa pompe ya pompe bingana cyangwa munsi yurwego rwamazi mubigega byabitswe, biremewe ko hasomwa igitutu -3 psi cyo gusoma. Inyandiko ibanza yerekeza ku burebure bw'icyumba cya pompe hasi no munsi ya tank. Umwandiko wavuguruwe uremeza neza ko nta guterura cyangwa guhagarika umutima bizaba hagati yikigega cyamazi na flake ya pompe yumuriro. Nkuko byavuzwe kuri ubu ku mugereka, iyo pompe ikora ku bushobozi bwa 150% kandi amazi yo mu kigega ari ku rwego rwo hasi, igitutu cya -3 psi cyo kugabanuka cyerekana igihombo cyo guterana mu muyoboro.
Ibikoresho bimwe na bimwe byo guswera birashobora gutera urwego rutifuzwa rwo gutembera no guhungabana, kandi bikabuza gukora pompe no gukora. NFPA 20 kuri ubu iteganya ko muri metero 50 zumubyimba wa pompe, nta valve ishobora gushyirwaho mu muyoboro woguswera usibye urutonde rwibiti byo hanze hamwe ningogo (OS&Y). Iyi ngingo yavuguruwe kugirango isobanure neza ko, usibye urutonde rwa OS&Y rwashyizwe ku rutonde, nta "valve" ishobora gushyirwaho muri metero 50. Iyi ngingo yongeye kuvugururwa kugirango igaragaze neza ibikoresho byerekana. Izi mpinduka zitanga guhuza neza nizindi ngingo zisanzwe kandi zigasobanura intego yibisabwa, aribyo kugabanya ikoreshwa ryikinyugunyugu gusa, no kwemerera kwishyiriraho amarembo ya OS&Y, kugenzura indangagaciro hamwe nibikoresho bigaruka mumiyoboro yonsa. Ariko nyamuneka menya ko mubindi gusa Kwishyiriraho ibiciro bya cheque nibikoresho bisubira inyuma mumuyoboro wokunywa byemewe gusa mubihe bisabwa nibipimo cyangwa AHJ. Niba igenzura rya valve cyangwa igikoresho cyo gukumira ibicuruzwa bisabwa hejuru yicyambu cyokunywa pompe yumuriro, NFPA isaba igikoresho kuba byibura diameter 10 zumuyoboro hejuru ya pompe yamashanyarazi.
Ibikoresho nk'inkokora, tees hamwe nu ngingo zambukiranya umuyoboro wokunywa bizatera amazi gutembera muri pompe kutaringaniza. Ubusumbane bubaho aho bikwiye bihindura indege itemba ugereranije nindege itemba ikoresheje pompe yumuriro. Uku kutaringaniza kuzagabanya imikorere nubuzima bwa pompe. NFPA 20 igabanya ahantu hamwe no gutondekanya ibyo bikoresho mu guswera. Ibikoresho nk'ibi ntibigomba gushyirwaho muri diametero 10 z'umuyoboro wa flake. Ibiriho bidasanzwe kuri iri tegeko ryemerera indege hagati yinkokora kuba perpendicular kuri pompe ya pompe itambitse itambitse kumwanya uwariwo wose wicyambu cya pompe. Iyi nkokora itunganijwe ntabwo irema ibintu byangiza. Kuri verisiyo ikurikira, iyi idasanzwe yongerewe gushiramo T-shati.
Iyo pompe yumuriro yonsa kuva munsi yububiko, NFPA 20 isaba gahunda zimwe na zimwe zo gusohora ikigega. Iyo amazi asohotse ava mu kigega cy'amazi, akenshi habaho imivurungano, ikinjiza umwuka mu muyoboro wogosha kandi bikongerera imivurungano. Ikintu gisa nacyo kibaho mugihe amazi yakuwe mumazi cyangwa mu bwogero. Nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, imivurungano n’imigezi idahwitse yinjira mu cyambu cya pompe bigomba kwirindwa.
Kugirango wirinde iki kintu, NFPA 20 isaba gukoresha ibikoresho bibuza gushiraho imigezi ya eddy. Iki gikoresho gikunze kuvugwa nabi nk'isahani ya vortex, ariko ijambo muri NFPA 20 ryaravuguruwe kugira ngo rihuze neza na NFPA 22 (Standard for Private Fire Water Tanks) no gusobanura neza ko igikoresho ari "isahani ya vortex" "A isahani ikoreshwa mu gukumira imiterere ya vortex. Byongeye kandi, hifashishijwe ishyirahamwe rya Hydraulic ryitwa “Centrifugal Pump, Rotary Pump, na Reciprocating Pump Standard” ryongewe kumyandiko yumugereka kugirango ubone ibisobanuro birambuye kuriyi ngingo.
Kuva mu 2003, NFPA 20 yemerera gukoresha ibishishwa bike aho AHJ isaba igitutu cyiza kumurongo. Intego yubu bwoko bwa valve nugufasha kumenya neza ko umuvuduko wumuyoboro woguswera utagabanuka kurwego rwateganijwe bitewe nuburyo amazi aboneka. Kurugero, mugihe imiyoboro nyamukuru itanga amazi ya komini ikoreshwa nkamazi yo gutanga sisitemu yo gukingira umuriro, nyamukuru ntishobora gutanga amazi menshi nkuko pompe yumuriro ishobora kuvoma, cyane cyane iyo pompe ikora mugihe kirenze urugero. Kugabanuka k'umuvuduko muke munini wa komine birashobora gutuma ibintu bitifuzwa, nkamazi yubutaka cyangwa umwanda wanduye, cyangwa mubihe bikabije birashobora gutuma nyamukuru isenyuka.
Niba AHJ isaba gukoresha ikariso ntoya, NFPA 20 isaba ko valve nkiyi yashyizwe mumurongo usohora hagati ya pompe na cheque yo gusohora. Umurongo wunvikana uhujwe no guswera ugenzura umwanya wa valve ya trottle. Iyo umuvuduko wokunywa ugabanutse kumuvuduko wateganijwe (mubisanzwe 20 psi), valve itangira gufunga, bityo bikabuza gutembera no gukomeza umuvuduko wokunywa kurwego rwateganijwe.
Iyo amazi atembera muri valve ya trottle, igihombo cyo guterana kizabaho, bigomba kwitabwaho muburyo bwa sisitemu. Igihombo cyo guterana kijyanye nibi bikoresho birashobora kuba ingirakamaro. Kurugero, gutembera muri santimetero 8. Ibikoresho birashobora gutera umuvuduko ukabije wa psi 7. Nubwo verisiyo iriho ikubiyemo inyandiko ngishwanama kuri iki kibazo, verisiyo ya 2013 izahatira igishushanyo mbonera cya sisitemu yo gukingira umuriro gusuzuma igihombo cyo guterana binyuze mumashanyarazi make ya trottle mumwanya wuzuye.
NFPA 20 isaba gukurikirana ikizamini cyo kugenzura ikizamini cyumwanya ufunze. Nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, aya mabwiriza arashobora gusobanurwa nabi nkubusobanuro bwo kugenzura imibavu kumasoko yimiyoboro inyuranye ya hose ihujwe numutwe wikizamini. Ntabwo aribyo bigamije bisanzwe. Biteganijwe neza ko valve igenzura mu muyoboro uri hagati yumuyoboro usohoka hamwe na hose ya valve ya test ya header ikeneye kugenzurwa mumwanya ufunze; valve yo hanze kuri buri cyerekezo cyumutwe wikizamini ntigikeneye kugenzurwa.
Amabwiriza yabanjirije ayandi yasabaga icyuho kitari munsi ya santimetero 1 hafi yimiyoboro inyura kurukuta cyangwa amagorofa yagize impinduka zikomeye. Ingano yamabwiriza yagabanutse gushiramo gusa inkuta, igisenge nigorofa yicyumba cya pompe yumuriro. Ikemura ikoreshwa ryibindi byuho, amaboko ya pipe hamwe ningingo zoroshye, kandi itanga akamaro keza kubisabwa na NFPA 13, igipimo cyo kwishyiriraho sisitemu.
Ijambo "igitutu cyumuvuduko ukabije" rikoreshwa mubibaya binini bifite ubunini bwo gusohora amazi menshi ku cyambu gisohora pompe yumuriro. Imikoreshereze yiyi valve igarukira kubikorwa byihariye. Ijambo "umuvuduko ukabije w'ingutu" ryerekeza ku gikoresho gito cyo kugabanya umuvuduko ukoreshwa mu gusohora amazi make yo gukonjesha mugihe nta mazi asohoka hepfo ya pompe yumuriro. Moteri na radiator bikonjesha moteri ya centrifugal pompe yumuriro bisaba indege yumutekano wikwirakwiza hagati yicyambu gisohora umuriro na valve igenzura. Umuvuduko wokuzenguruka ugabanya valve irasabwa hepfo yumuvuduko ugabanya umuvuduko, ugaruka ku cyambu cyanyuze mu muyoboro. Iyo metero yo gupima metero igarutse ku cyambu cya pompe yumuriro unyuze mu muyoboro, harasabwa kandi na valve yinyongera yumutekano.
Amabwiriza yerekeranye nubutabazi bwumuvuduko wongeye guhindurwa kugirango byumvikane neza ko valve yorohereza igitutu yemerewe gukoreshwa gusa mugihe imikorere yimikorere ya pompe "idasanzwe" ituma ibice bya sisitemu bitwara imikazo irenze igipimo cyabyo: (1) Diesel moteri ya pompe ya moteri 110% Igipimo cyihuta cyagenwe, (2) amashanyarazi ahindagurika umuvuduko wamashanyarazi ugabanya umurongo ukurikirana umurongo (umuvuduko wagenwe).
NFPA 20 yemerera gusohora valve yubutabazi bwumuvuduko woherezwa kumuyoboro unyunyuza umuyoboro. Amabwiriza mashya mu gitabo cya 2013 yerekeye pompe itwarwa na moteri ya mazutu ihuza ubushyuhe bwo guhinduranya ubushyuhe kuri moteri. Kuri iyi gahunda, ikimenyetso cy’ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwa 104 F kiva kuri moteri yinjira mumazi ahinduranya ubushyuhe azoherezwa kubashinzwe gucunga pompe yumuriro. Nyuma yo kwakira iki kimenyetso, niba nta kimenyetso cyihutirwa gisaba imikorere ya pompe yumuriro, umugenzuzi azahagarika moteri.
Kongera kuzenguruka amazi yasohotse muri pompe agasubira mu muyoboro wa pompe birashobora gutera ibibazo kubera ko amazi yazengurutswe adakoreshwa gusa mu gukonjesha moteri, ahubwo no gukonjesha moteri ifata ubushyuhe bwikirere. Gukonjesha kwa moteri gufata ubushyuhe bwikirere nibyingenzi kugirango byuzuze ibisabwa n’ikigo cy’Amerika gishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije. Ubushyuhe buri hagati ya 150 F bwaragaragaye. Nubwo hashobora kubaho amazi ahagije kugirango akonje bihagije moteri kuri ubu bushyuhe bwo hejuru, ubushyuhe bwicyambu bwinjira ntibushobora gukonjeshwa bihagije kandi birashobora gutuma moteri ikora hanze yurwego rwa EPA. Nubwo igitutu cyo kugabanya umuvuduko gifungura gusa mubihe bikabije, kandi hagomba gushyirwaho na valve yo kugabanya umuvuduko ukabije kugirango ifashe kugumana ubushyuhe bwamazi, ubu buryo bwo kwirinda bwashyizweho kugirango hubahirizwe ibibazo byinshi bijyanye na pompe yumuriro.
Mu gitabo cy’umwaka wa 2010, hashyizweho igitekerezo cy’amashanyarazi ya tandem y’umuriro, maze hashyirwaho gahunda y’ishami rya pompe y’umuriro igamije gukorera hamwe, ni ukuvuga ko pompe ya mbere yonsa amazi mu buryo butaziguye, kandi buri pompe ikurikirana ikurura amazi muri isoko y'amazi yabanjirije. Pompe. Ubu bwoko bwurukurikirane rusanzwe cyane mumazu maremare hamwe nizindi nyubako nini. Mu byiciro bibiri bya mbere byisubiramo, harimo n’umwaka wa 2013, Komite Tekinike ya Fire Pump yakoresheje imbaraga nyinshi kugira ngo isuzume amabwiriza agenga imitunganyirize y’amashanyarazi ya tandem.
Ikibazo nyamukuru kijyanye nu gice cya pompe yumuriro. Mu bihe bibiri bishize, hasabwe ko pompe zose zigize gahunda yikurikiranabikorwa rya pompe yumuriro zigomba gushyirwa mucyumba kimwe cya pompe yumuriro. Ku nshuro ya 2013, habaye ikintu kidasanzwe cyo kwemerera pompe yumuriro kuba mubyumba bitandukanye mubihe bimwe. Nubwo uru rurimi rwatsinze isuzuma rya komite ishinzwe kuzimya umuriro, rwasubijwe mu nama ya tekinike y’ishyirahamwe NFPA muri Kamena uyu mwaka. Nubwo impinduka ziteganijwe zitazatangira gukurikizwa, ingingo irashobora kuzanwa mu cyiciro gikurikira. Impaka zerekeye ingorane zo kugenzura imikorere ya pompe nyinshi zumuriro mugihe cyihutirwa, koroshya imikorere yikizamini, no kwemeza ko sisitemu rusange izakomeza. Byongeye kandi, birakwiye ko tumenya ko nubwo NFPA 20 izakomeza kwemerera gutandukanya ibice bya pompe yumuriro, inkiko zimwe ntizemera iyi gahunda.
Niba umutwe wibizamini bya pompe yumuriro washyizweho, NFPA 20 isaba ko ishyirwa kurukuta rwo hanze cyangwa ahandi hantu hanze yicyumba cya pompe kugirango yemere amazi mugihe cyizamini. Imiterere yo hanze ifasha kuvoma amazi ahantu hizewe, no kugabanya ingaruka zamazi yimpanuka kumpompe yumuriro, kugenzura, moteri, moteri ya mazutu, nibindi. gufatwa nkibibanza biri mu nyubako. Mugihe hagomba gusuzumwa ibyangiritse byatewe nubujura cyangwa kwangiza, umutwe wikizamini wa hose valve ushobora kuba uri munzu ariko hanze yicyumba cya pompe yumuriro. Niba ukurikije urubanza rwa AHJ, urujya n'uruza rw'ibizamini rushobora kwerekezwa hanze yinyubako bidakenewe ibyago bidakwiye byo gutera amazi kumashanyarazi.
NFPA 20 yemereye metero zitemba gukoreshwa nkibikoresho byo gupima amazi mugihe runaka. Mugihe cyo kwishyiriraho, NFPA 25, igipimo cyo kugenzura, kugerageza no gufata neza sisitemu yo gukingira umuriro ishingiye kumazi, bisaba metero zitemba zipimwa kandi zigasubirwamo buri myaka itatu. Ariko, NFPA 20 ntabwo ikubiyemo ingingo zorohereza kalibrasi ya kalibrasi cyangwa kwisubiramo. Ubu verisiyo ya 2013 irasaba ko niba igikoresho cyo gupima cyashyizwe muburyo bwo gupima impanuka ya pompe yumuriro, harasabwa ubundi buryo bwo gupima imigezi. Igikoresho cyo kumanura kigomba kuba kiri hepfo yumurongo wa fluxmeter kandi kigahuzwa murukurikirane na fluxmeter, kandi kigakora mumurongo utemba usabwa kugirango igeragezwa ryuzuye rya pompe yumuriro. Mubyongeyeho, ibipimo noneho bizavuga ko ubundi buryo bwemewe bwo gupima urujya n'uruza rw'ibizamini bikwiye. Keretse niba gahunda yasobanuwe mumabwiriza mashya yavuzwe haruguru atanzwe, kalibrasi ya fluxmeter isaba kuvanaho ibikoresho no kugerageza muburyo budashobora kwerekana pompe nogushiraho imiyoboro. Mugihe kirekire, ubu buryo burashobora kuba ingorabahizi kandi buhenze. Mubyongeyeho, impinduka muburyo bwo gutondeka no gutunganya ibizamini ntibishobora guhura nogushiraho pompe nyirizina, kandi ibisubizo bya recalibration birashobora kubazwa.
Verisiyo ibanza ya NFPA 20 yasabye ko hashyirwaho urutonde rwerekana ikinyugunyugu cyangwa ikariso ya valve hamwe na valve ya drain cyangwa umupira ugabanuka kumutwe wikizamini mumuyoboro mugihe umutwe wikizamini uherereye hanze ya pompe cyangwa mumwanya runaka uvuye kuri pompe kandi hariya ni akaga ko gukonja. Amabwiriza yavuguruwe kugirango asabe ikinyugunyugu cyangwa ibinyomoro byamarembo hamwe numuyoboro wamazi cyangwa ibitonyanga byumupira mubihe byose. Niba nta valve, amazi azagera kumwanya wumutwe wikizamini munsi yigitutu, biteye impungenge. Amazi arashobora gutwarwa byoroshye muri sisitemu yo kurwanya umuriro binyuze mumutwe wikizamini hagamijwe kurwanya umuriro. Ikindi kibazo ni umutekano w'abakozi bakora ikizamini cya pompe. Isano iri hagati ya hose nu mutwe wikizamini ni umutekano, kandi nta muvuduko wamazi uri kumutwe wikizamini. Ikizamini kimaze kurangira, spherical drip valve irekura umuvuduko namazi mumuyoboro.
Muri iki gihe NFPA 20 iteganya ko niba hakenewe gukumira ibicuruzwa bisubira inyuma bifitanye isano na pompe, hagomba kwitabwaho cyane cyane kwiyongera kw'igihombo cy’umuvuduko uterwa no gushyiraho gukumira. Kubwibyo, iyo pompe yumuriro ikora kuri 150% yubushobozi bwayo yagenwe, NFPA 20 isaba ko igitutu cyokunywa byibuze 0 psi cyandikwa kugirango ushyire. Iki gisabwa gishobora gusobanurwa nkibisobanuro ko igitutu cyo guswera cyanditswe mugikoresho cyo kugaruka aho kuba pompe suction flange. Inyandiko ikurikira yasobanuye neza igitutu cyo gusoma ku cyambu cya pompe yumuriro.
Ibisabwa mu kurinda umutingito byasobanuwe neza kugira ngo bigaragaze ko bikurikizwa gusa aho amategeko y’ibanze asaba cyane cyane uburyo bwo kurinda umuriro ibyangijwe n’umutingito. Byongeye kandi, amabwiriza yabanjirije yerekeranye no gushyiramo ibice bya pompe yasibwe kugirango ashobore kurwanya urujya n'uruza rungana na kimwe cya kabiri cyuburemere bwibikoresho. NFPA 20 ubu isaba imitwaro itambitse ya horizontal kugirango ishingiye kuri NFPA 13; SEI / ASCE7; cyangwa AHJ byemewe byaho, leta, cyangwa amasoko mpuzamahanga.
Izi mpinduka zirahuye nuburyo bugezweho bukoreshwa mukurinda inyubako hamwe na sisitemu yubukanishi ku mbaraga zatewe n’imitingito. Igitekerezo cyo gukoresha kimwe cya kabiri cyuburemere bwibikoresho ntabwo ari ubushishozi mubihe byose. Abakoresha NFPA 20 bakeneye kumenya ko imitwaro ya horizontal yakozwe izatandukana bitewe nurubuga rwumushinga. Nubwo NFPA 13 itanga uburyo bworoshye bwo kumenya umutwaro, kandi SEI / ASCE7 ikubiyemo uburyo bwuzuye, NFPA 20 ntabwo itegeka gukoresha aya mahame ngenderwaho, ariko yemerera AHJ gufata icyemezo cyanyuma.
NFPA 20 isobanura inteko yapakiye pompe yumuriro nkinteko yumuriro wumuriro uteranirizwa mubikoresho bipakira kandi bigashyikirizwa nkigice cyahantu hashyizweho. Ibigize bigomba gutondekwa mubipapuro byateranijwe mbere birimo pompe, drives, abagenzuzi, nibindi bikoresho byagenwe nuwabipakira. Ibi bikoresho byakusanyirijwe hamwe hamwe cyangwa bidafite inzu. Ibisabwa mubikoresho byo gupakira byaraguwe. Ibikoresho bya pompe bizateranyirizwa hamwe kandi bishyirwe kumiterere yicyuma. Umudozi uteranya ibikoresho bipakira agomba kuba yujuje ibisabwa mu gice cya 9 cya ASME Boiler na Pressure Vessel Code cyangwa Sosiyete y'Abanyamerika Welding AWS D1.1. Inteko yose igomba gutondekwa kugirango ikoreshwe na pompe yumuriro, kandi igashushanywa kandi igashushanywa nuwashizeho sisitemu ukurikije amabwiriza ari muri NFPA 20. Hanyuma, gahunda zose nimpapuro zose bigomba gushyikirizwa AHJ kugirango bisuzumwe, hamwe na kopi ya kashe ya ibyemezo byemewe bigomba kubikwa kugirango bibike inyandiko.
Izi mpinduka zakozwe kugirango hagenzurwe neza ninde ufite inshingano zo kureba niba pompe yuzuye ikorwa, igashyirwaho, kandi ikora nkuko byari byitezwe. Nubwo uruganda rukora pompe yumuriro rusanzwe arirwo rugomba gukemura ibibazo byose byo kwishyiriraho, uwukora pompe ntabwo byanze bikunze ishyaka riteranya ibice bipakurura umuriro.
Mu turere tumwe na tumwe, ntibyemewe guhuza hagati ya pompe y’umuriro n’amasoko y’amazi, nko kuva ku muyoboro w’amazi wa komini, ntibyemewe. Mu bindi bihe, amakomine cyangwa ayandi masoko y'amazi ntashobora gutanga umuvuduko ntarengwa usabwa na sisitemu yo gukingira umuriro, cyangwa ibihe bigenda bihindagurika cyane. Muri ibyo bihe byombi, gukoresha ikigega cyo guhagarika kugirango uhagarike cyangwa uhagarike amasoko y’amazi bitanga uburyo bwo guhitamo. Ikigega cy'amazi cyahagaritswe ni ikigega cy'amazi gitanga pompe yumuriro, ariko ubushobozi cyangwa ubunini bwikigega cyamazi ni gito ugereranije nibisabwa na sisitemu yo kurwanya umuriro ikorerwa; ni ukuvuga, ikigega cyamazi ntigishobora kubamo amazi asabwa kugirango imikorere ya sisitemu yo kurwanya umuriro yose.
Ikigega cyaciwe gikoreshwa cyane (1) nk'uburyo bwo gukumira isubira inyuma hagati y’isoko ry’amazi n’umuyoboro wogosha wa pompe y’umuriro, (2) ukuraho ihindagurika ry’umuvuduko w’isoko ry’amazi, (3) tanga umuvuduko uhamye kandi ugereranije uhoraho wa pompe yumuriro, na / Cyangwa (4) Tanga ububiko bwamazi kugirango wongere amasoko yamazi adashobora gutanga umuvuduko mwinshi usabwa na sisitemu yo kurwanya umuriro.
NFPA 20 isaba ko ubunini bwikigega cyamazi bwahindurwa kugirango amazi abitswe mu kigega cyamazi hamwe nibikorwa byuzuzanya byikora agomba gutanga sisitemu ntarengwa isabwa kandi ikamara. Hamwe na pompe yumuriro ikora kuri 150% yubushobozi bwayo yagenwe, ingano yikigega cyamazi nayo igomba kumara byibuze iminota 15. Byongeye kandi, NFPA 20 ikubiyemo amabwiriza ajyanye no kuzuza peteroli kandi isaba ko uburyo bwo kuzuza bwashyirwa ku rutonde kandi bugategurwa gukora mu buryo bwikora. Amabwiriza yihariye yo kuzuza, nkayajyanye no kuzuza imiyoboro, imiyoboro ya bypass, ibimenyetso byurwego rwamazi, nibindi, bishingiye kubunini rusange bwikigega. Niba ingano yikigega nkiyo ubushobozi bwayo buri munsi ya sisitemu ntarengwa isabwa muminota 30, hashyirwaho amabwiriza. Niba ikigega gifite ubunini kuburyo ubushobozi bwacyo bushobora kuzuza ibisabwa byibuze sisitemu byibuze iminota 30, hazashyirwaho andi mabwiriza. Kuvugurura no gutondekanya igika ku bigega byaciwe kugirango bisobanure amabwiriza akurikizwa hashingiwe ku bunini bwa tank.
NFPA itanga ubundi buyobozi kugirango yorohereze ibikorwa byateganijwe mbere y’ishami ry’umuriro gushakisha no gutanga ibikoresho bya pompe yumuriro mu nyubako ndende. Nkuko byerekanwe mumyandiko mishya yumugereka, aho icyumba cya pompe kiri munzu ndende irasaba gutekereza neza. Mugihe habaye umuriro, mubisanzwe abakozi boherezwa mubyumba bya pompe kugirango bakurikirane cyangwa bagenzure imikorere ya pompe.
Uburyo bwiza cyane bwo kurinda abo basubiza ni ukwinjira mucyumba cya pompe biturutse hanze yinyubako. Ariko, iyi gahunda ntabwo buri gihe ishoboka cyangwa ifatika kubwinyubako ndende. Mubihe byinshi, ibyumba byo kuvoma mumazu maremare bigomba kuba biri mumagorofa menshi hejuru cyangwa munsi yubutaka.
Iyo icyumba cya pompe kitapimwe, NFPA 20 isaba inzira irinzwe hagati yintambwe nicyumba cya pompe yumuriro. Urwego rwo kurwanya inkongi yumuriro rugomba kuba rumwe nurwego rwo kurwanya umuriro rusabwa kugirango ingazi zisohoka zerekeza mucyumba cya pompe. Amategeko menshi yubaka nubuzima bwubuzima ntabwo yemerera icyumba cya pompe kuganisha kumurongo wugarijwe, kuko icyumba cya pompe ntabwo ari umwanya usanzwe ubamo. Nyamara, kunyura hagati yintambwe igana mucyumba cya pompe nicyumba cyo hejuru cyangwa hepfo ya pompe bigomba kuba bigufi bishoboka kandi biganisha ahandi hubakwa bike bishoboka. Ibi bitanga uburinzi bwiza kubasubiza binjira kandi bava mucyumba cya pompe mugihe habaye umuriro.
Ahantu hamwe nicyumba cyicyumba cya pompe bigomba kandi kwemeza ko amazi yasohotse mubikoresho bya pompe (nka glande yo gupakira) hamwe na valve isohoka hamwe na valve yubutabazi bwokuvurwa neza.
Mugice cyigice cya 5, igitekerezo cyinyubako ndende ndende cyatangijwe muri 2013. Inyubako ndende isobanurwa nkinyubako igorofa ituwe ifite metero 75 hejuru yurwego rwo hasi rw’imodoka ishinzwe ishami ry’umuriro. Amabwiriza ya NFPA 20 yabanje gushyira mubyiciro inyubako nkicyiciro kimwe, tutitaye ko inyubako ifite metero 200 cyangwa metero 2000 z'uburebure. Nyamara, inyubako zimwe ni ndende cyane kuburyo bidashoboka ko ibikoresho bya pompe byishami rishinzwe kuzimya umuriro byatsindira uburebure bujyanye n’igihombo cyatewe kugirango byuzuze ibisabwa n’umuvuduko wa sisitemu yo gukingira umuriro mu magorofa maremare. Nubwo verisiyo yabanjirije ya NFPA 20 yerekanaga ku nyubako cyangwa uduce turenze ubushobozi bwo kuvoma ibikoresho by’ishami ry’umuriro mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, verisiyo ya 2013 ifite ibisabwa byihariye kuri “nyubako ndende cyane”. Ariko, abasomyi bagomba kumenya ko amabwiriza amwe yibi bihe nayo aboneka mu gice cya 9, kivuga ku gutanga amashanyarazi y’amashanyarazi.
Kuri "inyubako ndende cyane", gushiraho pompe yumuriro bigomba gutanga ubundi burinzi nubucucike, nkuko byasobanuwe hano hepfo. Aho guhuza amabwiriza mashya yinyubako ndende cyane nuburebure bwinyubako, hasabwa ibisabwa bishingiye kumikorere bijyanye no gusubiza ubushobozi bwo kuvoma ishami ry’umuriro. Ishami rishinzwe kuzimya umuriro rigura ibikoresho bitandukanye bifite ubushobozi bwo kuvoma, bityo igipimo gishingiye gusa ku burebure bw'inyubako ntarengwa ni gito. Itsinda rishinzwe gushushanya ubu rikeneye kwemeza byimazeyo ubushobozi bwo kuvoma ishami ryumuriro hasubijwe buri mushinga. Amabwiriza yinyongera yerekeye ibigega byamazi menshi hamwe na pompe yumuriro nabyo byongewe kumyubakire miremire cyane.
Niba isoko nyamukuru itanga amazi ari ikigega cyamazi, harakenewe ibigega bibiri cyangwa byinshi. Niba buri gice gishobora gukoreshwa nkikigega cyamazi gitandukanye, ikigega kimwe cyamazi gishobora kugabanywamo ibice bibiri biremewe. Umubare wuzuye wibigega byose cyangwa ibice bigomba kuba bihagije kugirango wuzuze ibisabwa byose byo kwirinda umuriro wa sisitemu bireba. Ingano ya buri kigega cyangwa ububiko bwihariye bigomba kwemeza ko byibuze 50% byibisabwa kurinda umuriro bishobora kubikwa mugihe icyumba kimwe cyangwa ikigega cyo kubikamo kidahari. Nyamuneka menya ko aya mabwiriza adasaba ko buri kigega cya lisansi cyangwa igice gishobora gutanga ibisabwa muri sisitemu yose. Nyamara, buri kigega cya lisansi na / cyangwa igitoro cya peteroli kigomba kuba gifite ibikoresho byuzuza byikora bishobora gutanga sisitemu yuzuye ibisabwa. Nubwo itangwa ryibigega byinshi cyangwa ibice byatangijwe byatangijwe mu mwaka wa 2010, ryakoreshejwe ku mugaragaro mu nyubako ndende ndende cyane mu gitabo cya 2013.
Amapompo yumuriro mubice birenze cyangwa byuzuye ubushobozi bwo kuvoma ibikoresho byishami rishinzwe kuzimya umuriro bigomba kuba bifite ibikoresho byigenga byigenga byuzuye byapompa yumuriro cyangwa ibice byinshi kugirango uturere twose dukomeze serivisi zuzuye mugihe pompe iyo ari yo yose isohotse. Ubundi buryo ni ugutanga uburyo bwabafasha gutanga ibisabwa byose birinda umuriro byemewe na AHJ. Ihitamo rya kabiri ryemerera imishyikirano na AHJ gutanga imirimo ya pompe yumuriro. Sisitemu yateguwe neza ya sisitemu yo kugaburira amazi arashobora guhitamo guhitamo iki gisabwa. Wibuke, hashobora kubaho AHJ nyinshi kumushinga runaka.
Umuyoboro wogutanga pompe yumuriro ugomba guhanagurwa bihagije kugirango amabuye, sili nibindi bisigazwa bitinjira muri pompe cyangwa sisitemu yo kurwanya umuriro kandi byangiza. Ububiko bwambere bwibisanzwe bwarimo ameza abiri yerekana umuvuduko wo gutembera kwa pompe zihamye hamwe na pompe nziza zo kwimura. Ku nshuro ya 2013, izi mbonerahamwe zahujwe, zikoreshwa ku miyoboro yose yo guswera, kandi zishingiye ku bunini bw'izina ry'umuyoboro. Igipimo cyo gutembera kw'imiyoboro ntoya nacyo cyaravuguruwe kugirango kigaragaze umuvuduko w'amazi agera kuri metero 15 ku isegonda.
Niba igipimo ntarengwa cyo gutembera kidashobora kugerwaho, igipimo kizemerera gutemba kurenga 100% byateganijwe kugereranywa na pompe yumuriro uhujwe, cyangwa icyifuzo kinini cya sisitemu yo kurwanya inkongi y'umuriro, niyo yaba ari nini. Ururimi rushya rwerekana ko uku kugabanuka gutemba bigizwe nikizamini cyemewe, mugihe iyo migezi irenze igishushanyo mbonera cya sisitemu yo gukingira umuriro.
Byongeye kandi, ururimi rwometseho rwongeweho kugirango rwerekane ko niba amazi aboneka adashoboye kubahiriza igipimo cy’imigezi cyerekanwe ku gipimo gisanzwe, hashobora gukenerwa isoko y’inyongera, nka pompe ivuye mu ishami ry’umuriro. Ibipimo bizashyiramo kandi imvugo yerekana ko uburyo bwo koza ibintu bugomba gukorwa, guhamya no gusinywa mbere yo guhuza pompe yumuriro.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-16-2021
